Olimlar Gavayi orolining Oaxu oroli atrofidagi koʻplab marjon riflarining yuzaki dengiz suvi, choʻkindi va marjon toʻqimalarida UV{0}}filtrlarni birinchi keng qamrovli baholashni yakunladilar. UV{1}}filtrlar quyoshdan himoya qiluvchi kremlarning faol moddasi bo‘lib, foto degradatsiyasini oldini olish uchun boshqa ko‘plab mahsulotlarga, jumladan, to‘qimachilik, plastmassa va bo‘yoqlarga ham qo‘shiladi. Oksibenzon va oktinoksatning UV-filtrlari ularning marjonlarga potentsial ta'siri bo'yicha siyosatchilar e'tiborini tortdi. Tadqiqot kelajakdagi xavflarni baholash uchun asos yaratishga yordam beradi.
Global miqyosda marjonlar jiddiy pasayishda, iqlim o'zgarishi va kasalliklar tufayli haroratning oshishi bilan bog'liq katta tahdidlar mavjud. Dengiz suvidagi kimyoviy ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning yangi tahdidlari, ayniqsa, aholi zichligi, turizm yoki rekreatsion faoliyat-bo‘lgan marjon riflari yaqinida paydo bo‘layotgan tashvish sohasidir.
Suv muhitida quyoshdan himoya qiluvchi faol moddalar (ya'ni, UV{0}}filtrlar)ning aniqlanishi marjon riflariga potentsial salbiy ta'sirlar haqida xavotir uyg'otdi. Biroq, Gavayidagi mercan riflari yaqinidagi dengiz suvida ularning atrof-muhit kontsentratsiyasi haqida juda cheklangan ilmiy ma'lumotlar mavjud. Ushbu ma'lumotlarning kamchiliklarini bartaraf etishga yordam berish uchun Merilend Universitetining Atrof-muhit fanlari markazi va Merilend universiteti, Baltimor okrugi tadqiqotchilari dengiz suvi, cho'kindi va marjon to'qimalarida oksibenzon va oktinoksatni o'z ichiga olgan 13 ta ultrabinafsha nurlanish filtrlarining kontsentratsiyasini o'lchashdi. Tadqiqotda boshqa organik kimyoviy moddalar (masalan, sukraloza va sirt faol moddalar, sintetik gormonlar va polisiklik aromatik uglevodorodlar PAH) ham tahlil qilindi.
"Our study vastly expands the current body of scientific data needed to assess the environmental risk of these chemicals to corals. This data can be used in conjunction with future toxicological studies to estimate environmental risk to corals and other species," said study lead Carys Mitchelmore of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Her research expertise focuses on understanding how contaminants and other environmental stressors interact with and impact organisms, especially sensitive species like corals.
Oʻrganish joylari shahar, dam olish va sayyohlik faoliyatidagi UV-filtrlarning turli taxminiy yuklanishini koʻrsatish uchun tanlangan va ular orasida sayyohlar uchun issiq joy-Vaykiki plyaji va suv uchun mashhur joy boʻlgan Kaneohe koʻrfazi kiritilgan{{ 2}}ko'ngilochar tadbirlarga asoslangan. Tadqiqot AQSHdan marjon toʻqimalarida UV-filtrlarning kontsentratsiyasi boʻyicha birinchi boʻlib taqdim etilgan va qirgʻoq suvlari, choʻkindi va marjon toʻqimalarida kamida 8 xil UV-filtrlar mavjudligi haqida xabar beradi. Gavayi.
Tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, o'rganilgan 19 ta ob'ektda oksibenzonning dengiz suvi kontsentratsiyasi past, trillion uchun qismlar, ko'pchilik saytlar (19 tadan 12) trillionga 10 qismdan (yoki 10 ng/L) kamroq hisobot bergan. (Trillionning bir qismi suv bilan to'ldirilgan Rose Bowlga o'xshash futbol stadioniga 10 tomchi qo'shish bilan tengdir.) Eng yuqori konsentratsiyalar ko'proq odamlar bo'lgan joylarda topilgan, Waikiki-da har bir trillionda 136 qismgacha topilgan. Plyaj sayti. Dengiz suvi namunalarining hech birida o'lchangan oktinoksat darajasi topilmadi.
"Overall, the impacts of oxybenzone and octinoxate to intact corals occur at much higher concentrations than this study found in seawater near coral reefs. Currently, there are only five studies that have looked at the toxicity of oxybenzone and/or octinoxate to corals, so much more research on the toxicity to corals is needed," said Mitchelmore.
The study also shows that surfactant (i.e. detergent) degradation products are in seawater around the reefs, especially at Waikiki Beach, which may also impact corals. "Corals are faced with multiple stressors, and it is challenging to determine which chemicals are at concentrations in the environment that cause harm to the reefs," she said.
"We currently face huge challenges to protect our coastal and oceanic ecosystems," said Mitchelmore. "Much more research is needed to determine the risk of UV-filters to corals. Scientists from academia, government, and industry need to work together to conduct additional monitoring and toxicology studies so that management and policy decisions can determine what are the priority stressors and contaminants of concern most damaging to reefs."
The paper "Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii" was recently published in Science of the Total Environment by Carys Mitchelmore, Michael Gonsior, and Andrew Heyes of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Lee Blaney, Ke He, Ethan Hain and Anna Feerick of University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
